What Is Selenium? A Beginner's Guide To Automation Testing. Selenium WebDriver Selenium WebDriver¶ NOTE: We’re currently working on documenting these sections. We believe the information here is accurate, however be aware we are also still. Do you know what is Selenium? Do you have any idea why it is used? If you want the answer to these two questions, then wait until you read the entire content of this blog because you will be glad you spent a worthy amount of time getting an introduction to what could be at the heart of your next job role. Before I get started, let me tell you what you will get to learn by the end of this blog: Need for software testing. Challenges with manual testing. How automation testing beats manual testing? Selenium vs. Wait, before you get carried away, let me inform you that only testing of web applications is possible with Selenium. We can neither test any desktop (software) application nor test any mobile application using Selenium. It’ a bummer, I can feel your pain. But don’t worry, there are many tools for testing software and mobile applications like: IBM’s RFT, HP’s QPT, Appium and many more. But, the focus of this blog is, testing dynamic web applications and why Selenium is the best for that purpose. Please confirm that you want to add Selenium WebDriver With Java - Novice To Ninja + Interview to your Wishlist. Add to Wishlist. Before going into further details of Selenium, you ought to know the story behind how Selenium came into being what it is today. Need For Software Testing. Software testing is where it all boils down to. Today’s world of technology is completely dominated by machines, and their behavior is controlled by the software powering it. Will the machines behave exactly as we want them to? The answer to these questions lie in software testing. At the end of the day, it is the software application’s success rate which is going to control your business growth. The same thing can be said even for web applications because most businesses today are completely reliant on the internet. Take for example, any e- commerce company. Be it Amazon or E- Bay or Flipkart, they rely on the customer traffic on their web sites and traffic on their web based mobile applications for business. Imagine, if something catastrophic happens like the prices of a number of products being capped off at 1. Then what can be done, and how can we prevent it the next time? By testing the code before deployment right? So, this takes us to the next topic of manual testing. Challenges With Manual Testing. Manual testing refers to the fact that, the web application being tested is done manually by QA testers. Tests need to be performed manually in every environment, using a different data set and the success/ failure rate of every transaction should be recorded. Look at the above image of a poor chap, who manually verifies the transactions recorded. The challenges he is facing cause fatigue, boredom, delay in work, mistakes and errors because of manual work. This leads to the need for automation testing. Automation Testing Beats Manual Testing. Automation testing beats manual testing every time. Because it is faster, needs less investment in human resource, not prone to errors, frequent execution is possible, supports lights out execution, supports regression testing and also functional testing. Let’s take a similar example to the one mentioned earlier. Suppose there is a login page and we need to verify if all the login attempts are successful, then it will be really easy to write a simple code which will validate if all the transaction/ login attempts are a success or not (automated test case execution). Moreover, these tests can be configured in such a way that they are tested in different environments and web browsers. What else can be done? You can automate the generation of result file, by scheduling it for a particular time during the day. Then you can also automate the generation of reports based on those results and what not. The key point is that automation testing makes a tester’s job a whole lot simpler. Check out the image below which shows a more relaxed environment in which the same tester is working. Now, let me talk about Selenium in particular. What Is Selenium? Selenium is a suite of software tools used to automate web browser testing. It is an open- source tool and is mainly used for functional testing and regression testing. Since it is open- source, there is no licensing cost involved, which is a major advantage over other testing tools. Other reasons behind Selenium’s ever growing popularity are: Allows testers to write Selenese code in 7 different programming languages => Java, Python, C#, PHP, Ruby, Perl and Java. Script. It is not limited to, any environment and it allows testers to perform tests on various operating systems => Windows, Mac, Linux, i. OS and Android. Testing can be done on different web browsers => Mozilla Firefox, Internet explorer, Google Chrome, Safari and Opera browsers. Most of all, we can integrate it with frameworks like Test. NG, JUnit & NUnit for managing test cases and generating reports. But there surely has to be shortcomings right? We can use Selenium only to test web applications. We cannot test desktop applications or any other software. There is no guaranteed support available for Selenium. We need to leverage the available customer communities. It is not possible to perform testing on images. We need to integrate Selenium with Sikuli for image based testing. There is no native reporting facility. But we can overcome that issue by integrating it with frameworks like Test. NG or JUnit or NUnit. Learn Selenium From Experts. Now let us see where Selenium stands in the market. Selenium vs. RFTI have compared its performance with two other popular tools: QTP and RFT in the table below. Features. HP QTPIBM RFTSelenium. License. Required. Required. Open- source. Cost. High. High. Open- source software. Customer Support. Dedicated HP support. Dedicated IBM support. Open- source Community. Hardware consumption during script execution. High. High. Low. Coding experience. Not required. Required. Ample amount of coding skills and experience needed. Environment support. Only for Windows. Only for Windows. Windows, Linux, Solaris OS X (If browser & JVM or Java. Script support exists)Language Support. VB Script. Java and C#Java, C#, Ruby, Python, Perl, PHP and Java. Script. It is pretty clear from the above table why Selenium is the most preferred tool. In the next part of what is Selenium blog, let’s go into the depths of Selenium by understanding the different flavors it comes in. Selenium Suite Of Tools. Selenium RC (Now depreciated)Selenium IDESelenium Grid. Selenium Web. Driver. Selenium RC (Remote Control)Before I talk about the details of Selenium RC, I would like to go a step back and talk about the first tool in the Selenium project. Selenium Core was the first tool. But, Selenium Core hit a roadblock in terms of cross- domain testing because of the same origin policy. Same origin policy prohibits Java. Script code from accessing web elements which are hosted on a different domain compared to from where the Java. Script was launched. To overcome the same origin policy issue, testers needed to install local copies of both Selenium Core (a Java. Script program) and the web server containing the web application being tested so they would belong to the same domain. The permanent solution to this problem turned out to be Selenium RC. What does RC do then? RC overcame the problem by involving an HTTP proxy server to “trick” the browser into believing that Selenium Core and the web application being tested come from the same domain. Thus making RC a two- component tool. Selenium RC Server. Selenium RC Client – Library containing your programming language code. RC Server communicates using simple HTTP GET/ POST requests. Look at the below image for understanding the RC architecture. Selenium RC was the flagship tool from the entire Selenium project because it could be used to write web application tests in different programming languages. But the drawback with RC is that every communication with the RC server is time consuming and hence RC is very slow. So slow, that it would sometimes take hours to complete single tests. From Selenium v. 3 onwards, RC has been depreciated and been moved to legacy package. You can however download and work with RC, but unfortunately you cannot avail support for it. But on the flip side, why would you want to use a tool which is outdated, especially when there is a more efficient tool called Selenium Web. Driver. Before I talk about Web. Driver, let me discuss about IDE and Grid, which are the other tools that make up Selenium v. Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment)Selenium IDE is a Firefox plugin which is used to quickly and frequently execute simple test cases. Test cases in IDE is created by recording the interactions which the user had with the web browser. These tests can then be played back any number of times. The advantage with Selenium IDE is that, tests recorded via the plugin can be exported in different programming languages like: Java, Ruby, Python etc. Check out the below screenshot of Firefox’s IDE plugin. But the associated shortcomings of IDE are: Plug- in only available for Mozilla Firefox browser. It is not possible for testing dynamic web applications; only simple tests can be recorded. Test cases cannot be created via programming logic. Does not support Data Driven testing. These were some of the aspects of Selenium IDE. Let me now talk about Selenium Grid. Selenium Grid. Selenium Grid was a part of Selenium v. RC to run tests on remote machines. In fact, with Grid, multiple test scripts can be executed at the same time on multiple machines. Parallel execution is achieved with the help of Hub- Node architecture. Hub controls the test scripts running on various browsers, operating systems and programming languages on multiple nodes. Grid is still in use, and works with both Web. Driver and RC. Now is the ideal time for me to talk about Selenium v. Selenium v. 2 included Web. Driver as part of the Selenium project. Web. Driver is more efficient than RC and I will tell you why that is the case in the next section of the blog. Selenium Web. Driver. In contrast to IDE, Selenium Web. The Serenity Reference Manual. The Screenplay Pattern is an approach to writing high quality automated acceptance tests based on good software engineering principles such as the Single Responsibility Principle, the Open- Closed Principle, and effective use of Layers of Abstraction. It encourages good testing habits and well- designed test suites that are easy to read, easy to maintain and easy to extend, enabling teams to write more robust and more reliable automated tests more effectively. In this section we will look at how to use the Screenplay Pattern with Serenity BDD. We will be illustrating the Screenplay Pattern using the Angular. JS implementation of the well- known Todo. MVC (http: //todomvc. The Screenplay Pattern will be illustrated by some tests against the Todo. MVC application). You can experiment with this application at http: //todomvc. Figure 2. 5. The Screenplay Pattern will be illustrated by some tests against the Todo. MVC application. You can use the Screenplay Pattern with Serenity BDD in JUnit, Cucumber or JBehave. For simplicity, the examples will be using JUnit. Introducing the Screenplay Pattern. Suppose we are implementing the “Add new todo items” feature of the To. Do MVC application. This feature could have an acceptance criteria along the lines of “Should be able to add a new todo item”. If we were testing these scenarios manually, we could create test plans like the following: Should be able to add a new todo item. Open the application. Add an item called . Even if you are not familiar with how this code is implemented under the hood, it should be quite obvious what the test is trying to demonstrate, and how it is going about it. In addition, the Serenity reports produced for this test also reflect this narrative structure, making it easier for testers, business analysts and business people to understand what the tests are actually demonstrating. A typical Screenplay Pattern report is shown in The Serenity report documents both the intent and the implementation of the test. Figure 2. 6. The Serenity report documents both the intent and the implementation of the test. The code listed above certainly reads cleanly, but it may leave you wondering how it actually works under the hood. Let’s see how it all fits together. Screenplay Pattern tests runs like any other Serenity test. The Serenity Screenplay Pattern currently integrates with both JUnit and Cucumber. In JUnit, you use the Serenity. Runner JUnit runner, as for any other Serenity JUnit tests. The full source code of the test we saw earlier is shown here: @Run. With(Serenity. Runner. Add. New. Todos . There are however a few things here that are new. In the following sections, we will take a closer look at the details. Layers of abstraction. Experienced automated testers use layers of abstraction to separate the intent of the test (what you are trying to achieve) from the implementation details (how you achieve it). By separating the what from the how, the intent from the implementation, layers of abstraction help make tests easier to understand and to maintain. Indeed, well defined layers of abstraction are perhaps the single most important factor in writing high quality automated tests. In User Experience (UX) Design, we break down the way a user interacts with an application into goals, tasks and actions: The goal describes what the user is trying to achieve in business terms. The tasks describe the high level steps the user needs to perform to achieve this goal, and. The actions correspond to how a user interacts with the system to perform a particular task, such as by clicking on a button or entering a value into a field. The Screenplay Pattern in Serenity BDD provides a clear distinction between tasks and actions, which makes it easier for teams to write layered tests more consistently. Actors and the Screenplay Pattern. Tests describe how a user interacts with the application to achieve a goal. For this reason, tests read much better if they are presented from the point of view of the user. In the Screenplay Pattern, we call a user interacting with the system an Actor. Actors are at the heart of the Screenplay Pattern (see The Screenplay Pattern uses an actor- centric model). Each actor has a certain number of Abilities, such as the ability to browse the web or to query a restful web service. Actors can also perform Tasks such as adding an item to the Todo list. To achieve these tasks, they will typically need to interact with the application, such as by entering a value into a field or by clicking on a button. We call these interactions Actions. Actors can also ask Questions about the state of the application, such as by reading the value of a field on the screen or by querying a web service. Figure 2. 7. The Screenplay Pattern uses an actor- centric model. In Serenity, creating an actor is as simple as creating an instance of the Actor class and providing a name: Actor james = Actor. Different names can be a short- hand for different user roles or personas, and make the scenarios easier to relate to. Actors have abilities. Actors need to be able to do things to perform their assigned tasks. So we give our actors “abilities”, a bit like the superpowers of a super- hero, but in more mundane. If this is a web test, for example, we need James to be able to browse the web using a browser. Serenity BDD plays well with Selenium Web. Driver, and is happy to manage the browser lifecycle for you. All you need to do is to use the @Managed annotation with a Web. Driver member variable, as shown here: @Managed. Web. Driver his. Browser; We can then let James use this browser like this: james. Browse. The. Web. Browser)); To make it clear that this is a precondition for the test (and could very well go in a JUnit @Before method), we can use the syntactic sugar method given. That(): given. That(james). Browse. The. Web. Browser)); Each of the actor’s abilities is represented by an Ability class (in this case, Browse. The. Web) which keeps track of the things the actor needs to perform this ability (for example, the Web. Driver instance used to interact with the browser). Keeping the things an actor can do (browse the web, invoke a web service. For example, to add a new custom ability, you just need to implement a new Ability class. Actors perform tasks. An actor needs to perform a number of tasks to achieve a business goal. A fairly typical example of a task is “adding a todo item”, which we could write as follows: james. To(Add. ATodo. Item. At the heart of the Screenplay Pattern, an actor performs a sequence of tasks. In Serenity, this mechanism is implemented in the Actor class using a variation of the Command Pattern, where the actor executes each task by invoking a special method called perform. As() on the corresponding Task object (see The actor invokes the perform. As() method on a sequence of tasks). Figure 2. 8. The actor invokes the perform. As() method on a sequence of tasks. Tasks are just objects that implement the Task interface, and need to implement the perform. As(actor) method. In fact, you can think of any Task class as basically a perform. As() method alongside a supporting cast of helper methods. Tasks can be created using annotated fields or builders. To do its reporting magic, Serenity BDD needs to instrument the task and action objects used during the tests. The simplest way to do arrange this is to let Serenity create it for you, just like any other Serenity step library, using the @Steps annotation. In the following code snippet, Serenity will instantiate the open. The. Application field for you, so that James can use it to open the application: @Steps. Open. The. Application open. The. Application. But for more sophisticated tasks or actions, a builder pattern like the one used with the Add. ATodo. Item earlier on is more convenient. Experienced practitioners generally like to make the builder method and the class name combine to read like an English sentence, so that the intent of the task remains crystal clear: Add. ATodo. Item. called(. For example, the Add. ATodo. Item class has an immutable field called thing. To. Do, that contains the text to go in the new Todo item. Add. ATodo. Itemimplements Task . High level tasks rely on other lower- level tasks or actions. To get the job done, a high level business task will usually need to call either lower level business tasks or actions that interact more directly with the application. In practice, this means that the perform. As() method of a task typically executes other, lower level tasks or interacts with the application in some other way. For example, adding a todo item requires two UI actions. Enter the todo text in the text field. Press Return@Step(. Serenity provides a small number of basic Action classes for core UI interactions such as entering field values, clicking on elements, or selecting values from drop- down lists. You can find these in the net. In practice, these provide a convenient and readable DSL that let you describe common low- level UI interactions needed to perform a task. For example, the UI Action to enter the text defined in the thing. To. Do field into the input field with an ID value of “new- todo” would look like this: Enter. Value(thing. To. Do). A better practice would be to refactor the selector into a simple Page Object class, like this one: publicclass. New. Todo. Formextends Page. Object . These labels appear in the test reports and make them more readable: publicclass. New. Todo. Formextends Page. Object . You can also reference the actor itself using the special. The end result is a blow- by- blow account of how each business task was performed (see Test reports show details about both tasks and UI interactions). Figure 2. 9. Test reports show details about both tasks and UI interactions. Action classes can access the Serenity Web. Driver integration. You can also write your own Action classes. If the actor has the Browse. The. Web ability, the Action class can integrate with the Serenity Web. Driver support in several ways.
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Star includes support for many languages such as English, German, French, Italian, Hungarian, Russian and many more. You can choose your language settings from within the program. How to Remove a Virus From a Flash Drive: 8 Steps (with Pictures)Understand the autorun virus. Originally, when you inserted a USB drive into a port, the USB drive automatically opened. If your USB drive was infected, this process executed a file called autorun. As a result, when the USB drive automatically opened, it would activate the autorun virus. USB devices are no longer opened automatically with Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 1. This measure protects your computer from the virus. Remove Shortcut Virus from USB Flash Drive and Windows PCIs there any shortcut virus remover in the web world? The question is big today. If you are a Windows computer user and love to use flash drive/usb pen drive to exchange files (games, movies, software etc.) from friend’s PC, then you might become the victim of shortcut virus any time. Recently, the activities of such shortcut viruses increase at a high rate. I got so many emails asking questions about “how to remove shortcut virus from my computer?” or “can you help me to remove virus that creates shortcut of every file, folder and drive?”. So, it is my essential duty to give you a perfect solution so that you will get rid of such annoying shortcut creator virus on your Windows PC because in all sense formatting is not the solution to remove any virus. You need to remove the virus keeping all the data intact. Reading this tutorial a user can be aware about such viruses and can protect himself from getting infected. Info: My laptop was also affected by shortcut virus a month before. However, I successfully managed to remove it manually. My antivirus failed to detect it. Before discussing the method of removing shortcut virus permanently from USB flash drive and from PC, you have to know in details about it. Some Details on USB Shortcut Virus, Spreading Methods and Precautions. PyCL, also called Dxh26wam ransomware is a virus named after the executable file which it uses to infect the computers: dxh26wam.exe. It encrypts your files and.What is Shortcut Virus? Shortcut virus is a kind of malware which creates a shortcut (with original icon) of every file, folder and drive and hides the original one in the hardware device in such a way so that the files/folders/drives can’t be accessed. In later stage of the infection, the virus deletes all the originals files or makes all the files and folders inaccessible. Sometimes, in advance stages, the virus tries to steal the personal information from your PC and usb device, but that may vary depending upon the category of the shortcut virus. This virus can affect and infect external devices mainly. External storage like USB flash drive, pen drive, external hard disk, memory card etc. However, sometimes, shortcut virus infects the files, folders and drives of a Windows PC. Types of Shortcut Virus: Baically, there are two types of shortcut virus available in the market. One creates shortcut of every files in the external storage. Second one affects the PC and it’s drives, files, folders and creates shortcut each of them, later makes those inaccessible. How does the Shortcut virus spread? Possible reasons of spreading shortcut virus are as follows: Online infection: If you download and install an executable file to your computer which contains the trojan/malware or which contains the malicious script. You have connected the removable drive (like USB flash drive, pen drive, portable hard drive) into your friend’s PC or in your workplace to exchange some data which have already been an infected one. The virus has spread to your external drive from there if autorun is turned on. You have inserted someone’s flash drive to your computer from where the PC has been infected. Later, it has infected your external drive as soon as you have connected it to your PC. Preventions and precautions from getting infected with Windows Shortcut virus: If you just hear about the virus or if you yet to get shortcut virus infection on your external usb flash drive or if have already been affected with this shortcut virus, then you should be alert enough and take necessary actions so that you can protect yourself against further spreading of this annoying virus. Stop auto play of external drive: Open group- policy editor and navigate to Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Auto. Play Policies to configure auto- play off. Remove Shortcut Virus from your Flash Drive. Recover all the damaged data. Download Shortcut Virus Remover. How to Remove Shortcut Virus on Windows. If you've plugged in a USB drive or SD card and found that your files are missing and replaced with shortcuts, your USB drive. Don’t use double click to open pen drive on your computer. Right click on drive letter and choose explore option to open USB drive. Thus, you can avoid shortcut virus infection in your PC. Scan the pen drive or any external drive first with antivirus in your PC. Only then open it. Don’t insert personal USB flash drive to public PC. Always keep your antivirus database up- to- date. So far, I have described about the shortcut virus and it’s prevention procedure. Now, I am going to tell how to remove usb shortcut virus from pendrive and from the PC by using and without using shortcut virus remover. There are many USB shortcut virus removal tool which will help you to free up your Windows PC and USB flash drive from annoying shortcut virus. Best Ways to Delete, Clean and Remove Shortcut Virus from USB Flash Drive, Pendrive, Laptop, Mobile, Tablet, Notebook and Windows PCIt is very hard to guess which type of shortcut virus affects your computer. It is not difficult to delete it completely once it enters in your PC. Most of the anti- virus software even can not detect it. So, I want to mention some possible solutions to remove shortcut virus from usb flash drive and Windows PC. As, this virus continuously injects scripts to multiple files and folders, so, it will be the best practice not to rely upon single method, otherwise, the virus may come back again. Use Windows Command as a Shortcut Virus Removal Method: The main strategy of infection of the shortcut virus is the virus changes the file attribute and makes the original file or folder hidden to an unknown place. By changing it using command, you can remove the effect of the virus. Steps to remove shortcut virus using Windows command are as follows. Insert the USB drive into PC. In search box, type cmd. In the search result, right click on it and select “Run as Administrator” to open command prompt window. A windows 8. 1 and 1. Write the below code in command prompt and press Enter. ATTRIB . Use Batch File to Permanently Remove USB Shortcut Virus: Batch file is an executable Windows file that contains some previously written program in it. You can use notepad to create a batch file. Let’s see how to create and use . Open notepad. Paste the below code in it.@echo off. Now, save the file to your PC. Insert the pen drive to your PC. Double click on the batch file to run it. You can right click on the batch file and select “Run as Administrator” option to execute the command of the file with admin privilege. Thus, (there might be a chance ) all the shortcut virus will be deleted automatically from the USB pen drive. Use Windows Registry Editor to Delete USB Shortcut Virus. If you are an advanced user of a Windows computer and have enough knowledge on handling Windows registry, then you don’t need to download any third- party shortcut antivirus remover tool to permanently remove shortcut virus. Right- click on Windows taskbar and choose Task Manager. Alternatively press Alt+Shift+Esc to open task manager in your Windows PC. Navigate to process tab and end the process wscript. Press Windows+R together to open Run dialogue box, type regedit there and press the Enter button to open Windows registry editor. Navigate to the following registry key: HKEY. For that situation, skip this step and try to follow the rest techniques. Disinfect USB Shortcut Virus with VBScript. Shortcut viruses have a capability of multiply themselves. Thus the viruses spread all over the PC. If such shortcut virus infects your PC, it may affect the installation drive and the system files get corrupted. To prevent Windows installation drive (C drive) from shortcut- virus infection, you need to run a VBScript file which can run over all the files, folders and drives of your PC and find & delete all the viruses from your computer. Thus it prevents your PC and pendrive from future shortcut virus attack. Download the vbscript from this link. Double click on the . Alternatively, right- click on the file and open the file with . The script takes 3. Use 7- Zip or Win. RAR to Retrieve the Original Files Behind Shortcut and Format the External Drive to Remove the Virus. Download, install and run the 7- zip (http: //www. PC. Using the software, go to the location of your external usb drive which is infected by short cut virus. You will find all the original files there (if you use 7- zip). Select all the files and right click on it and choose 7 zip > > Add to Archive. Select the archive saving location to a safe place of your PC. Format the flash drive and it will be free from shortcut viruses. Search, Find and Remove Shortcut Virus Manually from Your PC: This kind of virus injects a script file in your PC that continuously runs and create problems to users. If you manage to find such malicious scripts in your PC, you can delete them manually to get rid of the virus. Steps are as follows. Press Windows+R to open the Run dialogue box. Type %temp% there and press Enter to open the list of temporary files. Search for nkvasyoxww. Remove the file. In the run dialogue box type msconfig and press Enter to open Windows System configuration. Go to Startup tab and disable nkvasyoxww. Windows 8 and later version users can find the option direct from the Task manager. By following this method, you can minimize the chances of spreading shortcut virus infection in usb drive and in your PC. Just install the virus and run it. In the drive letter section type the drive letter you want to remove virus. You will be asked three to four times for confirmation. Download URL: http: //download. Shortcut- Virus- Remover/3. Only use it for USB flash drive. Otherwise, it can corrupt your Windows system files and it removes all the shortcut files from desktop area of your PC. Remove autorun. inf from All the drive: Run the Autorun Exterminator and this software automatically deletes all the existing atorun. Thus, it prevents the shortcut virus from spreading. Download link: http: //ccm. Use Hidden Folder Virus Cleaner to Remove Shortcut Virus. Paste the Hidden folder virus cleaner pro (https: //sourceforge. You can use Browse option if you use the software from any other part of your PC. Use Usb. Fix to Remove Shortcut Malware from External drive. Usb. Fix (fosshub. |